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A History of Modern Libya, by Dirk Vandewalle
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Dirk Vandewalle is one of only a handful of scholars who have made frequent visits to Libya over the last four decades. His formidable knowledge of the region is encapsulated in his history of Libya which was first published in 2006. The history - based on original research and interviews with Libya's political elite - traces Libya's history back to the 1900s with a portrait of Libya's desert terrain, its peoples and the personalities that shaped it development. It then examines the harrowing years of the Italian occupation in the early twentieth century, through the Sanusi monarchy and, thereafter, to the revolution of 1969 and the accession of Qadhafi. The following chapters analyse the economics and politics of Qadhafi's revolution, offering insights into the man and his ideology as reflected in his Green Book. In the wake of the civil war and Qadhafi's demise, the time is ripe for an updated edition of the history which will cover the years from 2005 to the present. These were the years when Libya finally came in from the cold after years of political and economic isolation. The agreement to give up the weapons of mass destruction program paved the way for improved relations with the west. By this time, though, Qadhafi had lost the support of his people and, despite attempts to liberalize the economy, real structural reform proved impossible. This, as Vandewalle contends in the foreword to the new edition, coupled with tribal rivalries, regional divisions and a general lack of unity, paved the way for revolution and civil war. In an epilogue, the author reflects upon Qadhafi's premiership, the Green Book's stateless society and the legacy that he will leave behind.
- Sales Rank: #699432 in Books
- Published on: 2012
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x .59" w x 5.98" l, .85 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 344 pages
Review
'Much more than a political, chronological or narrative review in 200 pages, this work effectively delivers a sympathetic, nevertheless critical, thorough and authoritative analysis ... Highly recommended.' Choice
'Vandewalle, an associate professor of government at Dartmouth, is recognized as one of the most knowledgeable students of Libya, and his A History of Modern Libya does not disappoint.' Middle East Quarterly
'There has clearly been no lack of studies on Libya and its leader over the years. The book under review, however, has the advantage of placing developments after 1969 in perspective relative to the country's early history: it shows how Qadhafi's apparent dramatic and idiosyncratic political ideas can be seen as a logical conclusion of Libya's earlier weakness or failure as a state. Emphasizing economic structures and policies, the book places these into a political, ideological, and structural context that makes it an excellent and up-to-date analytical introduction to the history of this country, which has had an impact so much larger than its size.' International Journal of Middle East Studies
About the Author
Dirk Vandewalle is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. He is the author of A History of Modern Libya (2006) and Libya Since Independence: Oil and State-Building (1998). He is the editor of North Africa: Development and Reform in a Changing Global Economy (1996) and Qadhafi's Libya: 1969-1994 (1995).
Most helpful customer reviews
16 of 20 people found the following review helpful.
A Weak History of Libya Since the Ottoman Period
By Suchos
This is a concise history of modern Libya, with token background from the Ottoman period, slightly more detail from the Italian colonial period, and the vast majority of its focus on the monarchy (1951-1969) and the Qadhafi period (1969 to present). The author deals almost exclusively with political and economic history, with very little attention to cultural or religious themes.
Even on such limited terms, the book fails in a number of ways. First, Vandewalle has an odd habit of not defining terms that a reader of such a general history might find useful. For example, he refers often to the Sublime Porte -- a term that a general student of the Middle East and especially of the Ottoman Empire ought to know, certainly, but probably not familiar to the general reader. Another example is the Bab al-Aziziyya, which the author defines on page 150, but which he began using on page 121 (without any hint that a definition was forthcoming).
Second, and more importantly, the book lacks a surprising amount of detail. We are informed that a small group accomplished a coup against King Idris in September, 1969, but we are told almost nothing else: where did the coup happen? How did it happen? Perhaps a palace was stormed, or military installations seized? We are not even told of the fate of King Idris -- was he executed, banished, imprisoned, or left alone? These are all natural questions when dealing with something as momentous as the coup that changed Libya from a shaky kingdom to a radical, terrorist-sponsoring anti-state.
We are informed that two Libyan planes were shot down over the Gulf of Sirt after some kind of dispute. What was the nature of the dispute? Again, we are not told. And very frequently, as with the Gulf of Sirt incident and the Lockerbie bombing, Vandewalle makes allusion to the matter long before offering what scant detail he does provide, meaning the reader must already have some basic background or be left with no means of evaluating the validity of the author's interpretation.
As to that last point, another clear weakness of the book is that the footnotes are extremely sparse. Generalization is far more forgivable where the author directs the conscientious student to further information. That said, this book is a slim 206 pages of text -- the author easily could have added more helpful material without making the book unwieldly.
One final, important weakness is that the author frequently jumps around chronologically, resulting in a confused narrative. Again, the author assumes too much familiarity on the part of the reader, which familiarity makes little sense given the scope of the book.
EDIT: I recommend Libya: From Colony to Independence, by Ronald Bruce St. John, for readers interested in the subject.
4 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Libya as of today.
By Edmond Junker
I thought the book would give a modern view of customs ,geography and archytecture of this country but it was'nt like this.Instead the political history is presented which by the way is written very well.
I know quite a lot of this history as Libya was my second home for years but I feel a bit neglected when the book tells nothing about the people of this region.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Disappointing
By James R. Maclean
(Disclaimer: the author of this review has no professional expertise in the Middle East. This is only a review of a book--in particular, the 2nd edition published in 2012)
This is very much a "present-oriented" account of Libya's history: everything presented in the book is very clearly intended to help explain the situation in Libya now. This is very natural, but it can be pushed too far. The Ottoman period (1553-1911) rates a few paragraphs; the Italian period (1911-1945), ten pages; negotiations to create the Libyan state, 8 pages; the monarchy (1951-1969), 21 pages; and the Qadhafi regime, 133 pages. Some readers will find this acceptable, although in my opinion, in order for this to work one really needs to be a succinct writer.
It seems to me that information is presented in a confusing and repetitive way. Despite having only read short articles about Libya's history (like the Area Handbook for Libya), I never once read anything at all in this book that surprised me. Worse, I was puzzled as ever about the attitudes Libyans had toward their newly-deposed leader.
One problem is, Vanderwalle presents Qadhafi (probably with good reason) as the central, and almost only, political actor in the Jamahiriyya (1969-2011); as such, he's arbitrary and original--like he could have done anything, and picked this. But Qadhafi was a product of, and continued to be a product of, his time and place. His framing of the great Arab struggle probably was chosen to resonate with younger Libyans. And yet, in early 2011, a revolution toppled his state and he was killed in the fighting. Why did this happen? We are advised that "tangible sign[s] that internal dissatisfaction was [...] at a breaking point" (p.138) were appearing, but seldom what those actually were. What led some Libyans to defend the Jamahiriyya to the death, and others kill their neighbors in order to destroy it? This book offers little insight,
RECOMMENDED
I recommend the book by Anna Baldinetti (although this will be difficult or costly for most readers) or "Divided we stand" (see below for references).
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SOURCES & ADDITIONAL READING
Anna Baldinetti, The Origins of the Libyan Nation: Colonial Legacy, Exile and the Emergence of a New Nation-State, Routledge (2014)
Helen Chapin Metz (editor), Libya : A Country Study (Area Handbook Series)(4th ed), Government Printing Office (1987) -- available in many places for free online
"Divided We Stand: Libya’s Enduring Conflicts," International Crisis Group (14 Sep 2012) -- available for free online at ICG's website
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